Officials / Head referee

Ed Hochuli

Games worked
50
Seasons
2015–2017
Penalties / game
vs league mean

Penalty rate by season

Accepted penalties per game, from play-by-play data. Seasons before 2020 have no play-by-play coverage in this database, so no rate is shown for them.

201717 gm
201616 gm
201517 gm

Recent games

SeasonWkMatchupScorePen
201720
201718
201717
201716
201715
201714
201713
201712
201711
201710
20179
20178
20177
20176
20174
20173
20172
201618
201616
201615
201614
201612
201611
201610
20169
20168
20167
20166
20165
20164
20163
20162
20161
201520
201517
201516
201515
201514
201513
201512
201511
201510
20159
20158
20157
20156
20154
20153
20152
20151

Does the crew move the market?

We tested 27 referees across 3,024 games. Penalty-rate differences between crews are real and survive multiple-comparison correction (χ² = 45.1, p = 0.0014), but every market-facing angle — favorite win rate, home win rate, totals versus the closing line, and over rate — came back flat. Real heterogeneity, no exploitable edge. See the full referee-crew finding.

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